Issue small, fallout fearsome!
The issue of ‘One Rank One Pension’ (OROP), for the military services, has been heating up for a long time. More recently, India has seen its 2.3 million ex-servicemen—the most disciplined and law-abiding class in our society—having to publicly protest and return their medals, with petitions signed in blood, to draw government’s attention. Unlike their Indian Administrative Services (IAS) and other civil services brethren, military servicessoldiers do not have ‘Associations’ to hold rallies and demonstrations to express their grievances. Ex-servicemen (or ex-military services personnel) are, therefore, neither used to nor temperamentally inclined to make public their woes—a virtue the nation must respect. Yet, if an increasing number of them are now resorting to such methods, it must become a cause of concern for the government.
The arguments citing burden on the national exchequer and risk of triggering similar demands from other central civil services are unfair and unjust because there is no similarity in the job profiles of civil and military services. The rationale behind such rival claims would, therefore, be grossly faulty and scantily-clad mischief aimed at perpetuating the ongoing neglect and systematic suppression of the military and its retiring/retired soldiers. There are ground realities that further reinforce the genuineness and urgency of not only the grant of OROP to the ex-servicemen but also the importance of restoring the lost dignity, morale and well being of the nation’s muscle power—Indian Armed Forces:
- Significance of Military ‘Rank’: The hierarchy of military leadership is based upon visible badges of rank and embellishments on the uniform worn by officers and JCOs/NCOs (Junior Commissioned Officers/Non-Commissioned Officers). All professional and social protocol of inter-action is governed by the status and authority carried by respective rank, in the hierarchical order. Legally and traditionally, the Armed Forces personnel carry their rank even on retirement, as a legacy, whereas in the active military service no junior can get more salary than his senior in the same rank. This equation is, ironically turned upside down, as we have juniors retiring later getting more pension than their seniors who retired earlier in the same rank. It is ridiculously embarrassing besides being unjust in every respect.
- Serving and Retiring at a Loss: The majority of jawans and officers retire 10 to 20 years earlier than their civilian brethren, thereby losing service benefits, pay and allowances of higher ranks for those many years. The necessity to maintain a youthful military profile leads to jawans and JCOs retiring when they are still in the age group of 38 to 48 years and officers at 50, with their kids still too young and parents too old, with expanded family responsibilities. Civilians, on the other hand, get to serve up to 60 years and retire happily after reaching their final pay bands, with their children well settled and life’s basic commitments largely accomplished. These harsh terms and conditions of service results in heavy financial loss at the most crucial stage of a soldier—when he needs financial security most. Since almost all civil government employees reach their final post/pay band, they naturally retire having earned highest pension scale in their stream, which virtually translates to a more remunerative deal than the OROP demanded by ex-servicemen!
Accordingly, if military personnel chose to invoke the “principle of equity”, they should rightfully be demanding the highest pension grades in the corresponding running pay band of sub-major in respect of JCOs/OR (other rank) and the final scale of Senior Administrative Grade (SAG)/Higher Administrative Grade (HAG) (Major General/Lt General) in respect of officers since similar dispensation is in vogue for civil services.
- Unequal Career Growth Options: Whereas nearly all civilians make speedy career advances, in secure environs of their pre-specified state cadres/deputations and reach their highest rank/pay bands, the majority in the Armed Forces (jawansand officers) find themselves out of job even though they fulfil the laid down criteria for career advancement/promotions. A look at this career contrast: While over 90% of the IAS officers reach secretary/additional secretary level and none retires below joint secretary rank, only 0.02% of the Armed Forces officers make it to Army Commander level, 0.15% to other Lt General levels (Corps Commanders and others) and only 0.4% to Major General level (even after the recent cadre enhancement!). Because of the constricted pyramidal organisational structure of the Forces, a large number of competent officers fully eligible for higher ranks have to be wasted out every year. Caught in a whirlpool of systemic adversity, large numbers of qualified officers get neither their deserved pay nor pension. Likewise, the majority amongjawans too reach no further than Honorary Havildar level, whereas almost all lower division clerks (LDC) in central services and all constables are assured to retire at least as Section Officers and sub-inspectors respectively reaping highest returns until and after 60 years of age. Military personnel obviously deserve to be appropriately compensated for the losses they are suffering due to early retirement and short-changed dispensation due to restricted career opportunities, early loss of job and resultant loss of salary and pension.
- ‘Unique’ Service Conditions: Forfeiting their fundamental rights our jawans and officers not only serve in extremely hostile terrain and climate but also spend the better part of their lives separated from their families with no guarantee of even weekly holidays and festivals. From fighting at the world’s highest battlefield where hostile terrain and weather claim more lives than from enemy fire, to operating in jungles and deserts far away from the comforts of civilisation, soldiers lead an unusually tough life which is unseen and unimagined in normal civil life. These extraordinary service conditions make the Armed Forces uniquely distinct and incomparable with any other Service in the country. Recognising this uniqueness of the Defence Services, the government has already decided to have a separate pay commission for the Armed Forces in the future (as announced in the Lok Sabha by the defence minister on 13 July 2009). The crucial details as to how such a pay commission would be constituted and how equal to or independent of the other the central civil services pay commission it would be have not yet been made public.
- Nation’s Last Resort: In spite of the back-breaking economic recession, it is primarily because of its superior military might that the United States is in a position to assert its will and authority, coercively, over any country in the world, disregarding dissent, if any, from any power in the world. It is through a credible military deterrent that a nation’s diplomatic and political strides find meaning and gives the economy its protective cover. Few countries have used their military might more than India to defend borders and maintain order. With a history of four wars since Independence, incessant insurgencies and expanding terrorism, India should be imparting lessons to the world on the importance of maintaining a powerful and motivated military. The government and the people alike have always turned to Fauj (Armed Forces) for speedy solutions—from Siachin to Arunachal to Kanyakumari, for anything too serious or too dangerous i.e. natural calamities, epidemic, riots, disruption of essential services, failure of civil administration and even for salvaging the national honour in fiascos like the CWG footbridge collapse. Others raise their hands, stand aside and watch. But has the Fauj ever belied nation’s faith in its Armed Forces? Their failure, God forbid, if ever so it were, would be a national disaster.
The treatment being meted out to the Armed Forces in India has hurt serving and retired soldiers alike. A calculated and systematic method is seen clearly at work in degrading the position and prestige of military ever since the Fourth Pay Commission. Every successive pay commission has pushed Armed Forces a few notches below their deserved niche. The way the Ex-servicemen’s demand for OROP proves that there are anti-military forces aggressively at work to deprive soldiers and ex-soldiers of their genuine dues. In all fairness, bureaucrats found guilty of delaying and denying military dues and entitlements must be severely dealt with and even prosecuted for their inefficiency and anti-national outlook. This must be particularly ensured in cases where the political leadership and/or the higher judiciary have ruled in favour of the military. The case in point is the ex-servicemen’s demand for OROP, which has been long lost in bureaucratic machinations despite its non-controversial character and unanimous support from all parties that have ever deliberated over this demand. It is clear from the following facts on record:
- Grant of OROP has been repeatedly recommended by successive Parliamentary Committees over the years.
- Nearly all major political parties, including Congress and the BJP, have supported the long pending OROP demand in their election manifestoes. The UPA chairperson, Sonia Gandhi has, on record, declared her support in favour of ex-servicemen on this score in her public utterances and media interactions.
- Observations and directions passed by the judiciary (including the honourable Supreme Court) in a number of cases relating to disparity in pay & pension of ex-servicemen have favoured removal of disparity on this issue. An anguished Supreme Court has gone to the extent of admonishing the authorities for treating soldiers/ex-soldiers like ‘beggars’.
- The committee headed by the cabinet secretary found it hard to refute the legitimacy of OROP demand. However, while the committee largely accepted the essence of the demand in respect of the JCOs/OR or Personnel Below Officer Rank (PBOR), in the case of Commissioned Officers, it stopped just short of according parity between pre and post 01-01-2006 pensioners. (Statement of AK Antony, minister of defence in the Lok Sabha on 13 Jul 2009). Confounding the simple issue, the committee’s convoluted recommendations, at best, halved the injustice to officers by introducing an absurdly misleading idea “modified parity” as if there could be such a thing as “modified truth” or “starve & enjoy”!
Unfortunately, a skewed impression has been created about the genuine requirements of the serving and retired soldiers as if these were nothing more than their welfare demands. The seriousness of repercussions of such distorted views, in weakening the vitals of our national defence, is indeed grave because the nation’s defence potency will be only as strong as the motivation of its soldiers. Their well-being must, therefore, be viewed as national imperatives and not merely questions of their welfare. Since every serving soldier is a future ex-serviceman, repercussions of decisions on issues like OROP directly affect the psyche of fighting soldiers as well. The simmering disgruntlement among the soldiers and ex-soldiers raises serious questions on the state of morale and motivation of our Armed Forces. Nothing can be more perilous for a country than an impoverished leadership in the wake of continuing government apathy towards a demoralised military on basic issues such as OROP.
(The author is a military veteran and author of two international bestseller books on Leadership Development.)
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